Tag Archives: Price

How Do You Fund Growth Strategically? Five Approaches

Situation: A CEO is looking at a significant investment in capital equipment. Being considered are not just the cost of the investment, but the opportunity cost of not making the investment and the impact that this will have on the business. An additional consideration is the business mix of the company and whether to shift focus from low volume/high margin to low margin/high volume products. What tools have others used to assess these trade-offs? How do you fund growth strategically?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Review the company’s approach to contracts. It may be desirable to revise the approach in light of the new objective. The switch from low volume/high margin to low margin/high volume products impacts not only production but also marketing, sales, finance and accounting.
  • Price some early new contracts below market to finance the additional equipment expenditures, as well as to test market response to the new offering. This will help to identify additional adjustments that are needed for the new approach and offering to succeed.
  • Structure the financing options for equipment purchases creatively, for example by allowing for participation by customers and investors.
  • Watch changes in working capital at all times and keep it under control. Working capital is a commitment of resources just as is buying equipment or facilities.
  • Consider all resource commitments as investments, regardless of the way the accountants deal with them as in expensing vs. capitalizing these investments on the balance sheet. For example, a marketing program is an investment even though it will show up as an operating expense. Make sure that this can be justified in terms of future cash flows expected.

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How Do You Sell an Onsite Business? Five Perspectives

Situation: A company has several locations for its operations. One is onsite at one of their principal customers where they perform services for the customer. The rest of the business is pursuing a different direction, so the CEO wants to sell the onsite business and focus all efforts on the main business. How do you sell an onsite business?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Do onsite business (OS) personnel identify themselves as part of the company or the customer’s company?
    • The older personnel themselves as part of the parent company; the new engineers see themselves as tied to the customer which is far larger and enjoys broad and positive brand recognition.
  • Now may be the time to sell from a price perspective. Companies are hungry for revenue sources and experienced personnel. The price that they would pay for the OS business is small change for them.
  • The decision comes down to price – can the company get the right price at the right terms?
  • Consider this alternative – break the OS off into an independent entity. Make it a separate company with own managers.
    • This allows the sale of the OS to be set up with its own operating rules and incentives, independent of the company’s other operations.
    • This move queues the company up for whatever is possible – ongoing operation or possible sale to a buyer. It also simplifies the sale scenario as OS would be a stand-alone unit, with its own personnel and management structure. There may be some shared infrastructure services with the company’s other locations, but these are services that would be taken on by the buyer using their own systems.
    • An option is to give stock to the managers of the OS – a piece of the pie to encourage them to stay on.
  • Given the company’s strategy and direction, investing additional funds in the OS doesn’t make sense. Selling and keeping the money makes more sense if the company is ready for this and feels that there is little or only a limited future for the OS business.

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How Do You Handle Open Issues from a Sale Agreement? Three Thoughts

Situation: A CEO has closed the sale of a significant company property. Due diligence was completed and was satisfactory, but the purchaser now wants to renegotiate the price. The CEO is concerned that if she yields on the price, the buyer will come up with additional changes that will further disadvantage the sale. How do you handle open issues from a sale agreement?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • One member had a similar issue following the sale of a previous company. The decision was that the price at the time of close was the price. The buyer had full opportunity to perform due diligence which would have uncovered any open issues. Condition at time of sale is “buyer beware,” which is why they were allowed a full due diligence.
  • The sale was “as is” including assumption of current debt on the property. It appears that the advantages to the buyer that are anticipated through the purchase will more than offset the impact of the existing debt. As a result, the buyer is, on balance, better off than they had anticipated. Thus, there is no need to yield on price.
  • On the timing of events that may not occur – an indirect cost audit by the company’s prime agency should this be necessary – there is a question of the financial impact to the company.
    • There is a default date on the final payment that could be held up by the negotiation, but the impact is not significant to the company.
    • Otherwise, the company’s interests are covered by the sale agreement.

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What Do You Gain by Buying Out a Co-founder? Six Points

Situation: A CEO founded his company with a long-term friend. For several years, this co-founder has contributed little and has proven to be difficult with key employees. In an important sense, the co-founder has become a distraction. A challenge is that the co-founder is a significant shareholder. What do you gain by buying out a co-founder?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • First and foremost – peace of mind. While the CEO and his allies control a majority of shares there is no guarantee that this remains the case. Long-term it can cause headaches to have a large block of shares in the hands of someone who could be hostile. The challenge is gaining control of a solid majority of shares at a reasonable price.
  • How is the value of the co-founder’s shares determined?
    • In most minority interest situations, minority interest is discounted because it is of limited value to a non-company purchaser. While it may be necessary to pay a premium to gain controlling interest in the company, this will be a premium over the discounted minority interest value, not over the fair value for all shares.
  • There are two aspects to a purchase: price and terms. It is acceptable to accept the co-founder’s price, but insist on favorable terms, e.g., 10 years to pay at 5% interest.
    • Set the terms so that the company guarantees the payment, not the CEO personally.
  • At this point the co-founder is a disruptive force within the company. Act now before more damage is done.
    • As to order of business, take action with respect to the co-founder first, then negotiate the purchase of his shares after he is no longer an employee.
    • Be sure to communicate the decision effectively to the other employees. Speak to the long-term strategic value of the company, the CEO’s vision for the company, and a determination to build the company into a viable entity with a range of customers and growth opportunities for the team.
  • Important steps as you move forward:
    • Have a plan.
    • Speak to an attorney – the company should pay but this is the CEO’s attorney, not the company’s attorney. Assure that as CEO you limit personal exposure and do things appropriately.
    • Assure that the employees understand and support this action and that they clearly understand the plan going forward.
    • Offer the co-founder a more generous severance package than would ordinarily be considered prudent.
    • Fire the co-founder as soon as plans are in place and announce a Board Meeting 30 days hence to discuss the management restructuring.
  • As a final note, this is one of the most difficult things that must be done by a CEO. The co-founder has been a long-term friend. Nothing about this is easy. It is likely to get more painful before it gets better. In the long run, however, this can be better for both individuals. Work toward that objective.

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How Do You Optimize the Business Model? Four Suggestions

Situation: A company works on a project basis, and the CEO is concerned that the return per project is too low. She is looking for ways to boost the return per project without substantially increasing project risk. How do you optimize the business model?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • What are the risks and potential upsides surrounding the projects?
    • The principal risk is long-term liability, connected with residual liability following project completion.
    • This risk can be mitigated by purchasing a wrap policy; however, this can cut into the profit generated by the project.
    • It is possible to build scale more quickly with larger projects. The percentage return may be lower, but the dollars can be higher.
  • What are the principal components of the company’s time risk?
    • Higher cost of money and greater exposure to fluctuations in prices and interest rates over the project period.
    • This risk can be mitigated using financial derivatives particularly over longer-term projects.
  • How broad is the company’s geographical scope?
    • Currently customers are within a 30-mile radius of the company’s office primarily because company personnel are frequently at the client’s site.
    • This area will broaden as the company’s reputation becomes known.
    • Consider the creation of branch offices to extend the breadth of the company’s service area.
  • What are the key variables that the company faces completing projects?
    • Payment is not received under current contracts until a project is completed.
    • This can be mitigated by creating milestones with payments due at the completion of each milestone.
    • It may be worthwhile sacrificing a level of project profit in return for more frequent payments to boost the company’s cash flow.

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How Do You Prepare for a Potential Acquisition? Three Areas of Focus

Situation: A CEO has been approached about a potential acquisition of his company. The offer was a surprise, and the team within the company is split on whether they are interested in a sale. They are currently very happy with what they do. How do you prepare for a potential acquisition?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • How does a company best position itself in advance of discussions?
    • Rebrand the company to boost the value proposition. Make what the company does best the focus of its value proposition. Position the company as the “experts” in this area.
    • Look at a series of possible scenarios that could develop and determine who on the team can best contribute each scenario. This will help to evaluate the implications of each scenario and to rank them in terms of favorability on the company’s terms. It will also help to quickly exclude certain scenarios if they come up during discussions with acquirers.
  • What research should the company conduct on the acquirer?
    • Do a deep dive into the potential acquirer. Research is simplified if the acquirer is public. Go online and look at their SEC and public filings. Look at their revenue trend as well as their profitability or losses.
    • What is the acquirer’s history of acquisitions? Interview people from companies that they have purchased.
    • Don’t pitch anything to the acquirer until you understand what they want to buy – this is critical so that the company positions itself well.
  • What is the best approach to take once the conversation starts?
    • Quick first step – send the company’s financials to the acquirer with a 3-year projection. Ask them, based on this, for a price range that they would consider for the company. If the range is outside of expectations, the conversation is over.
    • Determine whether this looks like a strategic vs. a financial buy. A strategic buy yields a higher price.
    • Cut a deal structure with a bonus tied to success post acquisition. This means a reasonable upfront payment with big payments for future success. This creates golden handcuffs to motivate the company’s staff to stay post-acquisition.
    • There should be multiple options on table – addressing both financial considerations and the future of team.
    • Always be ready to say no!

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How Do You Improve Quote to Collections Flow? Four Tactics

Situation: A company is losing billings because individual billings are getting lost in their process flow. Requests for enhancements come from clients to Project Managers. Project Managers take on development of the enhancements but are sometimes too busy to keep track and don’t report their work to the billing department. How do you improve quote to collections flow?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • It appears that two processes are missing:
    • A formal trigger mechanism to assure that a PO is in place BEFORE Project Managers undertake enhancement work, and
    • Managers are incentivized to assure that the client is billed and revenue collected for the work performed.
  • Formalize the process and do not allow Project Mangers to initiate any work until a work request is logged in the billing system and a PO is received from the customer to cover the expense.
    • Develop a process to track customer requests, estimate development and transmission to billing, forwarding of estimates by billing to the customer with a request for a PO, and upon receipt of PO authorization by billing to initiate work.
    • This can all be tracked and managed by most accounting software packages.
    • This process will:
      • Facilitate tracking of actual expense vs. estimate;
      • Tracking of requests for which no POs are received, for client follow-up; and
      • Tracking of enhancement requests to guide future product development.
  • Compensate Account Managers to track and manage the process.
    • If an Account Manager receives a commission for enhancement work they will have an incentive to keep track of all ongoing work, both for timely delivery and to assure that the customer invoiced for the work.
    • Commissions paid to the Account Mangers will be a small percent of the extra revenue collected.
    • To improve process management, schedule regular meetings to review all enhancement and other work being done for clients. Review and assure that all work has accompanying POs, that the work is being completed on a timely basis and in line with original estimates, and that the company is invoicing and being paid for the work. Empower Account Managers to organize and conduct these meetings. Their incentive will be the commissions they will collect on payment for the work.
  • Build upgrades and a certain number of enhancements into the product price.
    • This enables to company to increase prices and to collect prepayment for enhancements and upgrades that may or may not be requested.
    • Use the process outlined above to track enhancements which are credited against the prepaid accounts, and to assure that enhancements above the prepaid limit are invoiced.

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How Do You Manage for Profitability? Five Suggestions

Situation: A company has multiple locations from which it both sells products and provides services. One location has been in place for several years and produces good revenue but consistently fails to be profitable. The CEO has met with the managers in charge of this location and has set broad objectives to demonstrate a trend toward profitability. However, she is concerned that these objectives won’t be met. How do you manage for profitability?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • To be effective objectives must be specific, measurable, and timebound. In addition, there must be clear consequences for failing to meet objectives.
  • If a business is not covering its own costs, there are three alternatives: increase prices, reduce costs, or both.
    • Calculate the revenue impact of a 1% cross-the-board price increase at the location or across the company. Is this enough to cover the loss? What about a 2% increase? What is required to produce profitability?
  • Historically, have the location managers been responsible for business results? If not, does it make sense to continue with these managers and to expect different behavior or results?
    • While the managers may be well-intentioned, do they possess the necessary business skills? Would training or education assist?
    • Once objectives are set and incentives are changed to make the managers’ pay dependent on profitability, the CEO may be surprised at their ability to comprehend and tackle the situation – with the CEO’s oversight.
  • How do you change pay and incentives without sending a negative message?
    • A person who is paid hourly has the incentive to maximize hours worked, not productivity during hours worked. If the manager is shifted to salary at the same level he receives now or lower, with the potential to more than make up the difference through regular incentive bonuses, it becomes easier to direct him to make efficient use of his time.
  • How do you change the roles and focus of the managers?
    • The customer development manager is the only one who can impact revenue – by bringing in more business. Bonuses are based on both new business acquired and total revenue received.
    • The operations manager cannot contribute to revenue within his current responsibilities but can look for places where the cost of operations can be reduced. Bonuses are based on cost savings achieved.

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How Do You Launch an Internet Portal? Four Considerations

Situation: A finance company wants to revise its web portal. The objective is to provide up-to-date specialized financial information to clients for a subscription fee. Currently information is provided directly to clients. The portal will allow clients to manipulate the data provided to gain greater insight into their own strategies and operations. How do you launch an Internet portal?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • This presents an opportunity to bring several niche services together under one umbrella.
  • The plan is to make money by selling subscriptions. A challenge will be determining how much clients are willing to pay for this service.
    • Perform an analysis to determine how much clients can either make or save by utilizing the new service.
    • Try a menu approach with varying fees depending upon the number and frequency of services accessed.
  • To more quickly gain recognition and credibility, consider partnering with an existing well-established entity such as Bloomberg. Design your portal to integrate your data into their existing traffic flow.
    • This reduces the development effort because the partner already has the shell and a well-established market presence.
  • As an alternative to partnering, it may be best for the company to develop the portal on its own.
    • In this case, if there is a tightly defined target audience and the company already possesses all the equipment and programming required to launch its own portal, it may be best to carefully select initial clients and for the company to do everything itself.
    • If the company has the necessary access to key target clients, this will save the need to split revenue with a partner.

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How Do You Change Suppliers for a Key Product? Four Thoughts

Situation: A company buys several important components from a single US supplier. They are considering an offshore source for one of these components which makes up a large portion of what they purchase from the supplier. Does off-shoring make sense in this case, and how do they mitigate the risk? How do you change suppliers for a key product?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • The key consideration is the off-shore partner’s ability to reliably make the component at the price promised. If they can, why not outsource offshore?
  • The decision depends upon two additional factors: the amount that you stand to save by off-shoring your source, and the potential cost to you of inconsistent or unreliable components from the off-shore supplier.
    • If the cost of failure is high, a modest savings is less valuable. You may want to wait until you have higher volume and higher potential savings before looking at off-shore sources.
    • In the US, we assume – with some security – that a pilot run predicts a large run. Historically this has not been shown to consistently apply to offshore suppliers.
  • Can you afford to invest and potentially lose the amount that it would cost you to secure your first production order from the off-shore source?
    • If the answer is yes, invest the time and effort to visit the supplier, and secure resources to monitor their production – your own or a trusted partner’s. Your presence and interest are very important.
    • The principal challenge will be quality and consistency of raw materials, and varying age of production equipment used to produce your components.
  • Are you concerned that your current supplier might cut you off?
    • The CEO is not sure, but has identified this as a risk.
    • If this is the case, start now identifying second sources for other components made by this supplier – if only to keep them honest in price, quality and delivery.

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