Tag Archives: Decision

How Do You Use Focus and Communication to Strengthen Your Leadership? Three Points

Situation: A CEO is curious about how others have strengthened their leadership skills over time. From discussions with other CEOs she has gathered that focus and communication are important strengths to build. How do you use focus and communication to strengthen your leadership?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Often the process is more important than the actual decision because the process frames how the decision is made.
    • If the process is open to new ideas and approaches, and these are welcomed in the discussion, this can generate both more creative decisions as well as increased buy-in to the ultimate decision being made.
  • One CEO finds that his company is always focused on the outcome. However, he has grown to understand that it is important to frame the decision-making process around your values.
    • Value-based decisions not only generate increased buy-in by all involved, but they strengthen the sense of company culture and values.
  • Another CEO was faced with a personnel issue. She found that by analyzing past decision-making processes company leadership was able to identify a previously unrecognized factors and processes that fed the personnel issue.
    • By addressing the process, the company was able to resolve the issue to the satisfaction of all.

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How Do You Improve a Company’s Profile and Diversify the Customer Base? Seven Points

Situation: The CEO of a high tech company wants to improve the profile of his company for prospective clients. He also wants to diversify the company’s customer base. How do you improve a company’s profile and diversify the customer base?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Develop a good description that easily expresses the company’s value proposition.
    • Test this with potential customers to assure that they easily grasp what the company has to offer – and are interested in paying for!
  • If the company is early-stage, focus on funding and proof of concept as early milestones.
    • If the company has a novel idea or capability, focus on proving the value of this capability to a buying customer base of sufficient value to interest investors.
  • Study and define customers’ needs before trying to communicate what the company can do for them.
    • Similarly, define the channels that will be most effective in reaching these customers.
  • To monetize the business focus on the seekers – those who need and will benefit from the product or services that is being offered.
    • If the company offers a free or low cost service, develop a premium offer for enhanced services.
  • To market a core set of skills to different customer markets, focus on a theme of reliability.
    • Flavor this theme differently through a branding exercise to address the needs and desires of specific customer segments.
    • It is both feasible and desirable to market the same set of skills differently to different customer markets.
  • Follow the money – it leads to the heart of customer purchase decisions.
  • Growth, momentum and the ability to change are essential parts of a successful business model.

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How Do You Make the Most of People, Processes and Technology? Four Points

Situation: A CEO wants to improve efficiency and use of people, processes and technology. What have others learned from their experience? How do you make the most of people, processes and technology?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • One CEO gained new insights on the importance of details within the decision making process. She learned that details have had a much greater impact on the outcome of the decision process than her company had previously appreciated.
  • Cost reductions may cost more than they save. If the longer-term vision for the company isn’t considered a company may make short-term decisions that actually cost more in the long-term.
  • Difficult times equal opportunity. The key is keeping your head together and approaching challenges objectively, with an eye to long-term consequences of the choices made.
  • Always maintain balance in both choices, decisions and execution. There will be surprises along the path. Open eyes and balanced consideration will help to address these surprises constructively.

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How Do You Downsize Intelligently? Three Perspectives

Situation: A company has run into a rough patch and needs to cut costs. The CEO is considering a number of alternatives, but wants to hear input from other CEOs on how they have faced this challenge. How do you downsize intelligently?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • The key to intelligent downsizing is to take a different perspective. Look at the needs of the business in terms of a 3-5 year plan, not just at what is needed to do to survive today.
    • What key talent will be needed 3 years out? What key roles will need to be filled? Who is on-board today who will be needed in 3 years? How does this affect the decision on where to trim? Are there other options to simply laying off staff?
    • Answering these questions helps to consider options with a rational long-term view.
  • Establish a new paradigm. What do you want the business to become?
    • Is it the same as, complimentary to, or completely different from the current business model? Once the paradigm is developed plan personnel needs in line with this paradigm.
  • Look at all resources proactively.
    • For example, if you are considering moving your offices to a smaller space, look at your vision for the company 3 years out.
    • It may be more sensible to stay where you are and negotiate a new lease with your landlord that is more favorable short-term than paying for multiple moves.

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How Do You Prepare and Engage in an Effective Negotiation? Five Points

Situation: The CEO of a company is engaged in an important negotiation. There is a debate within the management team regarding the best way to prepare and engage in this negotiation. How do you prepare and engage in an effective negotiation?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • In any situation where a decision between two parties is to be decided preparation is critical.
    • Start with the basics. What is the bottom line that the company wants or needs to achieve?
    • Once the bottom line is identified, determine the strategy and what will be required to achieve this.
  • The most important question is why an agreement is being sought. What is the objective and what does a win or a win-win look like? How are they different if they are?
  • When meeting with the other party, listen with understanding.
    • Start by establishing norms to govern the discussions. These may include: one person speaking at a time, being up-front about objectives and positions, and the length of the discussion.
    • Avoid the distraction of thinking about the next move – know the possible moves in advance as well as the conditions and consequences associated with them.
    • Be prepared to tell the story of where the company wants to go any why the goal is important for both parties.
  • Good decisions between parties are based on trust.
    • Be trusting until given a reason not to be.
    • Point out items or statements that challenge trust and ask for clarification.
  • A Peer-to-Peer approach is the best alternative.
    • Look for equal give and take. Keep the conversation and negotiation balanced.
    • Don’t start with your real bottom line. Ideally, work with the other party in give and take until it is achieved.
    • Be willing to walk away if the discussion won’t fulfill the company’s needs; but if this is necessary, do it courteously. Leave the door open for possible future opportunities.

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How Do You Handle Underperforming Employees? Four Points

Situation: A CEO has several employees who report to a single manager but who are not performing to expectations. The manager is seeking the CEO’s assistance. When faced with a similar issue in the past, the CEO has turned up the pressure on an individual until he or she decided to leave on their own. Is this the best option? How can she resolve this situation and, at the same time, improve company morale? How do you handle underperforming employees?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Letting underperformers go sends a positive message to the rest of the team. It reinforces the message that a high level of performance is expected, and that a low performer won’t be allowed to penalize the overall performance of a team.
  • There is a serious downside to just turning up pressure until an individual leaves.
    • Even low performers usually have friends among the staff.
    • Turning up the pressure on an individual without telling them why creates an impression of unfairness. “Why is Joe being asked to do all of this – particularly when it doesn’t look like he can handle the work?”
    • The most serious downside is that a high performer becomes fearful that the company may have the same “unfair” expectations of him.
  • It is healthier to sit down with an underperformer and face the problem. This also reduces exposure to charges of discrimination.
    • Plan a meeting with the manager and each of the under-performing employees. In each meeting, tell the individual that specific areas of their performance are not up to company standards. Provide objective, measurable examples. Listen to the individual’s reaction.
    • Work with the manager to develop a program with each individual to assess whether they are willing to improve their performance over a specified time frame. Inform them that there will be a decision as to whether they will remain on the team at the end of the time period. Again, listen to their reaction.
    • If an individual does not respond positively and improve performance, it will be necessary to fire them. However, they have received fair warning and a fair chance to demonstrate that they can produce the expected performance.
    • If an individual isn’t interested in performing to company standards, the assessment period gives them time to look for another job.
  • Because these individuals report to their manager, coach the manager on the process outlined above and have her oversee the outcome. Help the manager to make a call after a period as determined with the manager.
    • Continue to coach and support her during this process.
    • Make it clear to the manager’s team that she is in charge of this process.

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How Do You Delegate on a Team Basis? Four Options

Situation: A CEO wants to develop a collection of skills within her team as an alternative to just having individuals with skills. For example, her role means that she must travel frequently, often for over a week at a time. How can she develop a system to temporarily reallocate the time of the team to cover her responsibilities while she’s away. How do you delegate on a team basis?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • If the team functions on a high level, this is not really a problem. They will step up.
    • Plan for the time frame during which the CEO will be away.
    • List all responsibilities to be covered and set priorities for response. Focus on the highest priorities first. Delegate them or use them as cross-training opportunities for team members.
    • Meet with team ahead of time. Go over what has to be covered. Ask who can cover this, and delegate first, second and third responders – not just a single individual. This is important so that they know that they are backed up as well. Ask: What concerns or questions do you have? Have the team develop solutions.
    • Where processes are involved, break down the process. Create a decision tree and work with the team on how to make decisions with resources available.
    • Set priorities for the time away before leaving. Ask the team how they would handle situations and coach them if they are not sure. Identify resources for them to use if needed.
  • Use the model that a special forces team uses to train and prepare for missions:
    • Know each other’s strengths and weaknesses.
    • Know how to back each other up.
    • Set up situations that are likely to arise and rehearse.
  • Another good model is engineering decision trees.
    • Create decision trees for how frequently occurring situations are handled to help team members determine the proper course of action and how to utilize which resources to respond to these situations.
  • Note the difference between reactive and proactive responsibilities.
    • Train the team to respond to reactive situations.
    • Schedule proactive responsibilities around planned time away to facilitate involvement in these as necessary.
    • Flexibility is critical.

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What Do You Gain by Buying Out a Co-founder? Six Points

Situation: A CEO founded his company with a long-term friend. For several years, this co-founder has contributed little and has proven to be difficult with key employees. In an important sense, the co-founder has become a distraction. A challenge is that the co-founder is a significant shareholder. What do you gain by buying out a co-founder?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • First and foremost – peace of mind. While the CEO and his allies control a majority of shares there is no guarantee that this remains the case. Long-term it can cause headaches to have a large block of shares in the hands of someone who could be hostile. The challenge is gaining control of a solid majority of shares at a reasonable price.
  • How is the value of the co-founder’s shares determined?
    • In most minority interest situations, minority interest is discounted because it is of limited value to a non-company purchaser. While it may be necessary to pay a premium to gain controlling interest in the company, this will be a premium over the discounted minority interest value, not over the fair value for all shares.
  • There are two aspects to a purchase: price and terms. It is acceptable to accept the co-founder’s price, but insist on favorable terms, e.g., 10 years to pay at 5% interest.
    • Set the terms so that the company guarantees the payment, not the CEO personally.
  • At this point the co-founder is a disruptive force within the company. Act now before more damage is done.
    • As to order of business, take action with respect to the co-founder first, then negotiate the purchase of his shares after he is no longer an employee.
    • Be sure to communicate the decision effectively to the other employees. Speak to the long-term strategic value of the company, the CEO’s vision for the company, and a determination to build the company into a viable entity with a range of customers and growth opportunities for the team.
  • Important steps as you move forward:
    • Have a plan.
    • Speak to an attorney – the company should pay but this is the CEO’s attorney, not the company’s attorney. Assure that as CEO you limit personal exposure and do things appropriately.
    • Assure that the employees understand and support this action and that they clearly understand the plan going forward.
    • Offer the co-founder a more generous severance package than would ordinarily be considered prudent.
    • Fire the co-founder as soon as plans are in place and announce a Board Meeting 30 days hence to discuss the management restructuring.
  • As a final note, this is one of the most difficult things that must be done by a CEO. The co-founder has been a long-term friend. Nothing about this is easy. It is likely to get more painful before it gets better. In the long run, however, this can be better for both individuals. Work toward that objective.

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What’s Your Exit Strategy – Both Timing and Price? Four Considerations

Situation: A CEO is considering an exit strategy for the company that she founded. The company has been very successful, and the CEO wants to optimize the value of the company on sale. She seeks advice on how to both maximize the company’s value and how to best prepare for a sale. What’s your exit strategy – both timing and price?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Value is tied to revenue and profit growth. Revenue growth is based on expansion of the customer base and reshaping the product offering to optimize its market appeal.
    • Consider a usage-based price for the offering. Accompany this with a range of usage offerings based on current customer use patterns.
    • Consider tiered pricing or pricing/use to access lower tiers of the market.
    • Consider bundled products, for example along with complementary products of another company with whom marketing partnerships could be formed.
  • As part of the valuation exercise, determine the best exit strategy and timing:
    • Identify the companies that could be buyers.
    • In each case, identify why they would buy the company.
    • The most compelling reason to purchase the company will be strategic, not financial.
    • Identify the key decision maker in each of the potential buyers.
    • Also identify any factors that would make the company less desirable to any potential acquirers and develop remedies for these.
    • This exercise may help to plan the timing and to understand more about the price that could be fetched.
  • To appeal to a buyer, optimize the organizational chart.
    • If the CEO occupies too many seats on the chart this presents a substantial risk to an acquirer if the founder leaves.
  • Evolve the organizational structure to support growth.
    • If there is no compelling reason to sell in the near term, then staff the company with professional marketing, financial talent, and so on.
    • A lack of talent in key positions limits both the company’s growth and its appeal to potential buyers.
    • In the case of this company, the most important hire will be in marketing. Note that marketing does not equal sales. The company is creating a market and convincing people to change their habits. This is a marketing task, not a sales task.
    • If the analysis of the factors mentioned above determines that now is time to sell, then stay slim.

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What are the Pros & Cons of In-House Software Development? Three Points

Situation: A company used internal resources for a small in-house project – developing web-based time sheets. They had obtained bids for external development but found that internal resources could do the same time for about half of what external development would cost. The trade-off was slow delivery. What are the pros & cons of in-house software development?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Why was delivery slow?
    • When faced with a choice in priority between the internal development task vs. responding to the needs of external customers, internal delivery was pushed back in time.
  • This is exactly what others have experienced when faced with the choice between internal and external software development. Look at the trade-off, not just in terms of “cost” quoted by internal developers, but also in terms of opportunity cost. The real cost is what these resources could have provided had the same time been spent to support external revenue-producing projects.
  • Just as the company did in the first place, get external bids. If the use of internal resources is an option, compare time to delivery forecasted using internal resources plus any other internal costs. Then analyze the opportunity cost of not dedicating these resources to revenue-producing activity. The sum of these costs should then be compared with external bids. Adding opportunity cost to the analysis can make a big difference.
  • Once the company has this information, make a business decision as to the best choice. Keep in mind that unless the priorities of the internal group doing the development work are changed, they may not respond to the needs of the internal project on a timely basis. It will be the CEO’s call as to whether the developers prioritize their time to support external projects or the internal project.

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