Category Archives: Finance

How Do You Design an Effective Sales Compensation Plan? Three Steps

Situation: A young company is redeveloping its sales department and wants to develop an effective sales compensation plan. What advice do members have for the company on effective sales comp packages? How do you design an effective sales compensation plan?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • The first step is to develop broad outlines to the plan:
    • What salary range is the company contemplating? What can the company afford?
    • What skills beyond the ability to sell will be required? For example, will the sales person require technical skills in addition to sales skills? Or will the sales person need engineering design assistance both in making the sale and in providing service post-sale?
    • Who will be the ongoing contact for the customer once the sale is made? Will this be the salesperson, or will ongoing customer contact will be managed by engineering?
    • The higher the skill level and both sales and post-sale responsibilities, the higher the potential salary.
  • Once the broad outline is decided, set parameters and objectives for the position. The compensation plan should reflect and be consistent with these.
  • Third, establish the behaviors that sales people are expected to exhibit. Any compensation plan should reinforce the behaviors desired by the company.
    • If salespeople are expected to bring in high margin business, focus and scale compensation based on the margin generated by the sale.
    • If an objective is to avoid customers who are bad credit risks, then pay sales people on collected funds rather than on invoiced business.

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How Do You Take on Additional Business When You Are Capacity Limited? Seven Suggestions

Situation: A Company has been growing rapidly over the past year. This has strained resources in some departments, including manufacturing. New customer demand just keeps coming in. What can the CEO do to meet customer demand without busting at the seams? How do you take on additional business when you are capacity limited?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • There are three questions to be asked before taking other steps:
    • Is it possible to expand manufacturing by outsourcing?
    • Can the company just hire more people?
    • Is the business that the company is getting good profitable business?
  • First, what a great problem to have – not to belittle the challenge that the company faces.
  • If there is concern about the company’s vulnerability to future downturns and the company is holding off adding staff because of this, look for a filler product that can help the company to smooth business cycles.
  • Farm out constrained work to other departments of the company – for example engineering. Are there independent entities that the company could partner with to add temporary capacity?
  • If there are financial constraints, then look at adjusting the pricing for new business.
  • If there are conflicts between capacity in manufacturing and engineering, consider becoming more of an engineering-focused firm and invest in this area. Look at outsourcing manufacturing capacity.
  • Look for sources of temporary capital to fund the company through the adjustment. Use an existing bank line of credit or a loan to finance short-term capital needs.

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How Do You Minimize Hiring while Launching a New Market? Five Points

Situation: A company is planning to expand operations into a new geography. The CEO wants to avoid hiring a new sales person out of the main office as they make this move because he wants the expansion to fund itself. How do you minimize hiring while launching a new market?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Start by profiling the ideal customer for the new geography.
    • The definition should include business sector, company size, current capabilities in terms of the service provided by the company, and openness to working with outside service providers.
  • Consider a satellite office or franchise option. The two key employees to staff the office will be an engineer and a principal manager for the office. The principal manager will be the sales person.
  • Target initial clients that meet the profile of the existing business but in the new geography.
  • Use what has been learned over the years in the principal location to build an effective culture in the new location. Select key people for the new location that would fit well into the current location.
  • How can the principal manager network in the new location to attract clients?
    • Clubs
    • Organizations
    • White Papers
    • Advertising and Mass Mailing
    • Author a book or be featured in a chapter of someone else’s book
    • Generate partnerships or affiliations for business development

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How Do You Preserve Exit Strategy Value as a Minority Owner? Five Points

Situation: A company has been in business for 38 years. The majority owner founded the company. One of two minority owners has obtaining her share position through sweat equity. Another minority owner is on the Board but is not involved in the day-to-day operations. There are buy-sell agreements in place to preserve the interests of the three owners. In the case of an exit how do the minority owners preserve the value of their shares of the company? How do you preserve exit strategy value as a minority owner?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Details of the current arrangement:
    • All partners are currently capped at 33% ownership.
    • The expectation is that in 10 years the two minority owners will buy out the principal owner and split ownership between themselves.
  • It is far better to negotiate potential ownership position up front – at the time of entry into a business, rather than along the way. As this apparently was not the case the minority owner has two points of leverage:
    • The minority owner has a good relationship with the principal owner, a very important factor, and the owner cares about the minority owner.
    • As the minority owner develops a track record of success, this should be leveraged in addition to the relationship to assure that the interests of the minority owners are preserved.
  • Additional key points of leverage of the minority owner asking the question:
    • The option to walk away as principal manager of the business if not happy with the situation.
    • Upside value of the company.
    • The desire of all owners to maintain their current life-styles, which are dependent on income from the business.
  • Separate management and control of the business entity from day-to-day operations. These are distinct and different areas of focus.
  • Another option to consider is the use of insurance policies to fund a buy-out of the majority owner.

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What is the Role and Value of an M&A Consultant? Four Points

Situation: The owners wish to sell a company. One option is an M&A consultant to assist with the sale. The CEO wants to know about others’ experience. What is the role and value of an M&A consultant?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • The first step is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a consultant to determine their value.
    • The cost of an M&A consultant is inexpensive relative to the value of the business.
    • Accounting rules and M&A practices of public companies do not always apply to private companies. Valuation is affected by variations in profits year-by-year, so consultants typically use 3 to 5 year historical results for comparison against industry standards.
    • Technology companies may have a different value than service-oriented businesses, particularly if significant IP is involved. Look at the creativity of potential consultants’ solutions.
  • Consultant alternatives:
    • Business brokers, accountants, and valuation specialists can all offer valuations.
    • Investment Bankers who charge an upfront fee may be more strategically oriented. Typically, the more strategic the valuation exercise, the more dollars involved.
  • Be cautious in choosing a consultant.
    • Many business owners spend a lot of time and money with accountants and lawyers when they could save by working with a business broker paid on a commission basis.
    • Business brokers are skilled at getting business sold – however the deal is not necessarily in the best interest of the owner. Brokers are paid by commission and so may not have the best interests of the owner at heart.
  • What should you look for in a consultant?
    • Maximization of sale value with a minimal tax exposure.
    • A consultant who will help the owner figure out what they want from their business and exit – who will help to establish owners’ exit objective, a key to a successful exit.
    • A consultant who will help choose the right team of advisors.

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How Do You Fund Growth Strategically? Five Approaches

Situation: A CEO is looking at a significant investment in capital equipment. Being considered are not just the cost of the investment, but the opportunity cost of not making the investment and the impact that this will have on the business. An additional consideration is the business mix of the company and whether to shift focus from low volume/high margin to low margin/high volume products. What tools have others used to assess these trade-offs? How do you fund growth strategically?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Review the company’s approach to contracts. It may be desirable to revise the approach in light of the new objective. The switch from low volume/high margin to low margin/high volume products impacts not only production but also marketing, sales, finance and accounting.
  • Price some early new contracts below market to finance the additional equipment expenditures, as well as to test market response to the new offering. This will help to identify additional adjustments that are needed for the new approach and offering to succeed.
  • Structure the financing options for equipment purchases creatively, for example by allowing for participation by customers and investors.
  • Watch changes in working capital at all times and keep it under control. Working capital is a commitment of resources just as is buying equipment or facilities.
  • Consider all resource commitments as investments, regardless of the way the accountants deal with them as in expensing vs. capitalizing these investments on the balance sheet. For example, a marketing program is an investment even though it will show up as an operating expense. Make sure that this can be justified in terms of future cash flows expected.

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How Do You Best Use Cash Flow Statements? Five Points

Situation: A CEO is familiar with and regularly uses income statements and balance sheets in financial discussions and planning. However, cash flow statements present more challenges, particularly when comparing cash flow over time. A second question is whether cash flow statements are more important to C versus S corporations. How do you best use cash flow statements?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • Most companies use the P&L and Balance Sheet to “stay on top” of the business on a short-term basis. However, these statements do not provide detailed insight into where cash is coming from and where it goes.
  • The cash flow statement represents a tracking tool to highlight trends and make projections about important changes in financial flows. All three financial statements are used to plan and monitor performance against the company’s financial targets. However, the cash flow statement is the most meaningful of the three, regardless of business size.
  • If 1/3 of a company’s expenditures is fixed cost how does this impact planning?
    • Carefully watch changes in volume over time and the impact on cash flow before deciding to expand.
    • When deciding whether to commit new resources it may be wiser to allow finances to be stretched for a while or even to turn down some marginal business opportunities before committing to a new layer of expenses.
  • The cash flow statement is not really affected by the corporate structure, since its three areas of focus – operations, investment, and financing – are common to all three.
  • Business is getting more complex. It really pays to understand the key elements that drive the business, and their impact on cash.

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How Do You Guide a Company Through a Sale? Five Thoughts

Situation: A company was built on capital equipment complemented by annuity sales of supplies used by the equipment. The company is moving toward automation of technology and offshore production of OEM equipment. An OEM partner will take on the equipment side of the business and the company will focus on automated supply solutions with sales direct to the end customer. The OEM partner has approached the company with a purchase offer. How do you guide a company through a sale?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • It is important to determine the value proposition, both from the company’s standpoint and the standpoint of the OEM buyer. The company’s objective will be to optimize the intersection of these two views of the value proposition — to its benefit.
  • Look at current employees and the technology and determine what to do to preserve their positions and interests. This will become part of the negotiation, but it is essential to have a clear idea of how this meshes with the CEO’s personal priorities.
  • Look to outside experts for advice on exit and succession planning.
  • Determine the CEO’s vision and path of involvement up to the sale. This involvement is negotiable, but should remain consistent with the CEO’s vision during the negotiation.
  • What is the company’s patent position, and the value of the patents in terms of future revenue? IP produces a future revenue stream. Consider the valuation to be in the range of 4 years of IP value.

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How Do You Generate Buy-in as You Change the Business Model? Six Points

Situation: A company is changing its business model from fee for service, driven by individual contributors, to a contracted project model with teams delivering service. The driver for the new model is to deliver full solutions to meet client needs. The CEO is struggling to obtain buy-in to the new model from all stakeholders – employees, managers and shareholders. How do you generate buy-in as you change the business model?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • The objective is to obtain agreement on vision and direction as the company adapts over a 3-5 year horizon.
    • Benefits include: product vs. service sales, a growing annuity revenue base, increased stability for the company and improved career paths for all members of the team.
    • Risks include: massive change, fear accompanying any change, too rapid growth, and the changes to company culture that will accompany this
  • Acknowledge and celebrate what the company and team have done well and the success that this has generated. In addition, share the lessons learned from experience to date, as well as the new opportunities that these lessons have created and the reasons to change to take advantage of these opportunities.
  • Create an exciting vision that expresses the new opportunities. Consider an off-site “WOW” event to announce your vision.
    • Focus on what’s in it for them as stakeholders. Address how they can participate in the change.
    • Where are the opportunities? Do they include investment and ownership?
    • Focus on the next major steps and the doable objectives associated with each step.
  • The new direction will require a different type of manager – with skills and experience managing teams. This is a growth opportunity for all involved. Provide training to assist the transition.
  • Employee and manager skill sets (including the CEO’s) will need to adapt – identify what skills will be needed and how they can be found or developed.
  • The past culture has been highly entrepreneurial with little middle management. The new model may be different from the current model, but it can still be entrepreneurial in a different way.

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How Do You Attract Investment to a Small Company? Four Perspectives

Situation: A small company seeks outside investment to support its growth. The company’s industry is dominated by large, well-recognized players. These companies have historically been the company’s customers; however, they have a quarterly mindset, and are increasingly looking to support their own development groups. How do you attract investment to a small company?

Advice from the CEOs:

  • What is the company’s ROI and risk profile?
    • Positive ROI, particularly taking advantage of new distribution channels.
    • ROI turnaround is typically 1-2 years.
    • There are about 50 similar companies in the market.
    • The company possesses intellectual property that makes it appealing.
    • Project maturity is generally considered a risk in the industry – it is not as experienced or mature as other industries.
    • An additional risk is that new developments in online distribution are continually changing the industry environment in unpredictable ways.
  • Investigate and approach companies in other industries with similar structures – dominated by large players but with a healthy presence of smaller companies. Examples include the movie industry and real estate pools.
    • Talk to investors who are familiar with these industries to see whether they would be interested in investing in the company’s projects.
  • There is a good deal of money out there looking to beat the current returns available through the stock market and paper investments. Look for an angel investor.
  • Given the Risk/Reward structure of the industry, approaching professional investors may be the best bet for the company.

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